Born in French Algeria, Camus grew up in poverty but went on to become a leading philosopher, novelist, and journalist. He focused on themes like existentialism, absurdism, and human freedom, exploring the struggles of living in a world without inherent meaning. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957 for his significant contributions to literature and philosophy.

Camus' philosophy, known as Absurdism, talks about how life can seem meaningless but that doesn’t mean we should give up. Instead, he thought we should create our own meaning through creative actions and standing up for what we believe in. Camus believed that even though life is often confusing, we should live it with passion and honesty.

The Stranger: A novel that exemplifies Camus’ philosophy of the absurd, exploring the meaninglessness of life and the human response to it. The Myth of Sisyphus: An essay where Camus discusses the absurdity of life and introduces the idea of embracing life’s challenges without hope for meaning.

Camus was influenced by philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche and Søren Kierkegaard, who also dealt with the meaning of existence. He was also heavily shaped by the experiences of World War II and the moral questions it raised.

Camus’ philosophy of the absurd has influenced existentialist thinkers, as well as authors and activists. His work has resonated with generations of readers and continues to be relevant in discussions about freedom, ethics, and the human condition.

Camus famously had a falling out with his friend and fellow philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre over their differing views on Marxism and communism. He also received criticism for his refusal to fully support the violent tactics of the Algerian War for Independence, leading some to question his stance on colonialism.

Jean-Paul Sartre: Sartre criticized Camus for not embracing Marxism, which led to their public philosophical split. Some also felt that Camus’ views on the absurd left little room for positive action in the face of existential challenges.

Camus' works continue to be widely read and discussed, particularly in philosophy and literature circles. His exploration of the absurd, human freedom, and rebellion against meaninglessness remains relevant today, especially in discussions of existential philosophy.