Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Rand immigrated to the United States, where she became a novelist and philosopher. Her works argue for a rejection of collectivism and altruism in favor of individual rights and personal freedom. Objectivism promotes the idea that the pursuit of one's own happiness is the highest moral purpose.

Rand's Objectivism emphasizes rational self-interest and individualism. She argued that people should act according to reason to achieve their own happiness. Rand believed in a free-market economy and rejected the idea of sacrificing individual rights for others.

The Fountainhead: A novel that explores Rand's philosophy of Objectivism, focusing on the importance of individualism and creativity. Atlas Shrugged: Rand's magnum opus, presenting a dystopian world where she advocates for rational self-interest and capitalism.

Rand was influenced by classical liberal thinkers such as Aristotle and John Locke, who emphasized reason and individualism. She was also influenced by her opposition to communism and totalitarian regimes, which shaped her critique of collectivism.

Rand’s philosophy has influenced many in the libertarian movement and conservative politics, including figures like Alan Greenspan and former U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan. Her works continue to inspire debates about capitalism, ethics, and individualism.

Rand’s staunch defense of capitalism and her rejection of altruism have been highly controversial. Critics argue that her philosophy promotes selfishness and lacks empathy for those less fortunate. Her abrasive personality and authoritarian leadership of her philosophical movement also drew criticism.

Critics of Rand include communitarians and leftist thinkers who believe her philosophy overlooks the importance of social responsibility and mutual aid. Philosophers like John Maynard Keynes and Immanuel Kant, whose views were opposed to Rand’s emphasis on individualism, have also been critical of her ideas.

Ayn Rand’s influence remains strong, especially in the fields of politics, economics, and philosophy. Her works are widely read, and her philosophy continues to inspire libertarian thought and debates about individual rights and the role of government.