Little is known about Lao Tzu’s life, and his existence is often considered more legendary than historical. He is believed to have lived in ancient China during the 6th century BCE. According to tradition, Lao Tzu worked as an archivist before leaving his position to live in solitude, composing the 'Tao Te Ching' as a guide to living in accordance with the Tao.

Lao Tzu taught that the best way to live is by going with the natural flow of life, embracing simplicity and humility. He believed that by not forcing things and living in harmony with nature, we can find true peace and contentment.

Tao Te Ching: A foundational text of Taoism, traditionally attributed to Lao Tzu. The Tao Te Ching consists of 81 short chapters offering wisdom on how to live in harmony with the Tao, the underlying principle of the universe.

Lao Tzu’s teachings were influenced by early Chinese philosophical traditions, particularly those that focused on natural harmony and simplicity. He was also inspired by the political and social turbulence of his time, which led him to advocate for a life of simplicity and non-interference.

Lao Tzu’s philosophy of Taoism has influenced countless generations of Chinese thinkers, including later Taoist philosophers like Zhuangzi. His ideas about the Tao have also had a profound impact on Chinese religion, culture, and political theory.

There has been debate over whether Lao Tzu was a real historical figure or a legendary one, and some scholars question the authorship of the 'Tao Te Ching.' Taoism itself has faced criticism for its emphasis on passivity and non-action, particularly in relation to governance and social order.

Confucian scholars have often criticized Taoism for its rejection of structured social roles and rituals. Some critics also argue that Taoism’s emphasis on non-action (wu wei) may lead to inaction in the face of social problems.

Lao Tzu’s teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese philosophy, religion, and culture. Taoism remains one of the major philosophical traditions of China, influencing practices like Tai Chi, traditional Chinese medicine, and martial arts.