Born in Athens, Greece, Socrates was one of the most important philosophers in Western history. He never wrote down his teachings, but his ideas were recorded by his students, especially Plato. He was deeply concerned with questions of ethics and how people should live their lives.

Socrates believed in the importance of questioning everything to find the truth. He thought that by thinking critically and seeking knowledge, we can live better lives and make more ethical choices.

No written works by Socrates exist, but his ideas and teachings are preserved in the dialogues of his student Plato. Key dialogues include Apology, where Socrates defends his philosophy, and Crito, which discusses justice and the social contract.

Socrates was influenced by earlier Greek philosophers like Anaxagoras and Parmenides, though his focus was more on moral philosophy than on explaining the physical world.

Socrates’ method of questioning and focus on ethics profoundly influenced his students, especially Plato and Xenophon. His ideas also shaped the development of Western philosophy, especially in areas like logic, ethics, and epistemology.

Socrates was controversial in Athens because he challenged traditional beliefs and questioned the authority of the city’s leaders. In 399 BC, he was put on trial for corrupting the youth and not believing in the gods of Athens. He was sentenced to death by drinking poison.

Aristophanes: Criticized Socrates in a play, showing him as a figure who confused the young with useless arguments. Some leaders in Athens thought Socrates’ ideas were dangerous because they encouraged people to question authority.

Socrates’ method of asking deep questions to find truth has become a cornerstone of Western education, especially in law, philosophy, and debate. His ideas about ethics and the examined life continue to inspire people today.